Syllabus
Andhra University Degree Program,Scheme of Examination for BCA-307 : Project Work : IIIrd Year
1. Project Work Theses Record:10 Marks
2. Procedure/Programs : 20 Marks
3. Implementation and Text Data Verification : 10 Marks
4. Viva Voice : 10 Marks
Total 50 Marks
Andhra University Degree Program,BCA 308 - Project Work : IIIrd Year
Instruction : 3 Practial Periods and 1 Tutorial/Week
Sessinal Marks :50
University Exam : 3 Hours
University Exam Marks : 50
Project work is in parallel with the academic study in the college and should be submitted before the last working day of the academic calendar, before the final Examination.
Andhra University Degree Program,BCA 307 - Java Laboratory : IIIrd Year
Instruction : 3 Practical Periods and 1 Tutorial/Week
Sessinal Marks :50
University Exam : 3 Hours
University Exam Marks : 50
Prescribed
: JAVA 2 : The Complete Referance : 3rd edition
Author : Naughton
Publisher : TMH, Iind Edition
Experiments in JAVA (An Introductory Lab Manual)
Author : Samual A. Rebelsky
Publisher : Addison Wesley (Low Priced Ed)
References : Author : Hubbar, JR
Publisher : Schaum’s Outline Series, Mc Graw Hill, 1999
Andhra University BCA - IIIyr Syllabus,BCA 306 - RDBMS Laboratory
Instruction : 3 Practical Periods and 1 Tutorial/Week
Sessinal Marks :50
University Exam : 3 Hours
University Exam Marks : 50
Prescribed :
Oracle 8i A Begineer’s Guide
Author : Abbery & Corey
Publisher : TMH
Andhra University Degree Program,BCA 305 - Software Engineering : IIIrd Year
Instruction : 4 Lecture Hours and 1 Tutorial/Week Sessinal Marks :25
University Exam : 3 Hours
University Exam Marks : 75
The Product and the Process
Managing Software Projects
- Project Management Concept
- Software Process & Project Metrics
- Software Project Planning
Conventional Methods of Software Engineering
- Design Concepts & Principles
- Software Testing Techniques
Object Oriented Software Engineering
- Object Oriented Concepts & Principles
- Object Oriented Analysis
- Object Oriented Design
- Object Oriented Testing
- Technical Matrics for Object-Oriented Systems
Advanced Topics in Software Engineering
- Formal Methods
- Clean Room Software Engineering
- Computer-Aided Software Engineering
Prescribed Text Book :
“Software Engineering - A practitioner’s Approach” Fourth Edition Chapter 1 to 5, 13,16,19 to 25 & 29
Author : Pressman, RS
Publisher : Tata McGraw Hill
Reference Book : “Software Engineering", Fifth Edition
Author : Sommerville, Ian
Publisher : Addision - Wesley
Andhra University Degree Program,BCA IIIrd Year : 304- Data Communications
Instruction : 4 Lecture Hours and 1 Tutorial/Week
Sessinal Marks :25
University Exam Marks : 75
University Exam : 3 Hours
Introduction - Data Communications - Networks - Protocols and Standards Organisation
Basic Concepts - Line Configuration - Topology - Transmission Mode - Categories of Networks - Internetworks
The OSI Model - The Model - Functions of the Layer.
Signals - Analog and Digital - Aperiodic and Periodic Signals - Analog Signals - Digital Signals - Mathematical Approach (Optional)
Encoding - Digital-to-Digital Encoding - Analog-to-Digital Encoding - Digital-to-Analog Encoding - Analog-to-Analog Encoding
Transmission of Digital Data; Interfaces and Modems - Digital Data Transmmision - DTE-DCE Interface - Other Interface Standards - Modems
Transmissions Media - Guided Media - Unguided Media - Performance.
Multiplexing - Many to one/one to Many - Multiplexing Application; The Telephone System.
Error Detection and Error Correction - Types of Error - Detection - Error correction
Link Control - Line Discipline - Flow Control - Error Control
Local area Networks - Project 802 - Ethernet - Token Bus - Token Ring - FDDI - Comparision
Metropolitan Area Networks - IEEE 802.6 - SMDS
Switching - A Network Layer Function - Circuit Switching - Packet Switching - Message Switching - Network Layer
Networking and Internetworking Devices - Repeaters - Bridges - Routers - Gateways - Routing Algorithms
Transport Layer - Duties of the Transport Layer - Connection - The OSI Transport Protocol.
hai
Prescribed Text Book : “Introduction to Data Communications and Networking", (1999)
Author : Benhouz and Forouzan
Publisher : Tata McGraw Hill.
Reference Book : “Computer Networks", (1999)
Author : Tananbaum,
Publisher : PHI.
Andhra University Degree Program,BCA IIIrd Year : 303 - Operating Systems
Instruction : 4 Lecture Hours and 1 Tutorial/Week
Sessional Marks :25
University Exam Marks : 75
University Exam : 3 Hours
1. Introduction to Operating Systems.
2. Computer System Structures.
3. Operating System Structures.
4. Processes
5. CPU Scheduling
6. Process Synchronisation
(*) Background
(*) The Critical section Problem
(*) Semaphores
(*) Classical problems of Synchronisation
(*) Critical Regions
7. Deadlocks
8. Memory Management
9. Virtual Memory
10. File System Interface
11. File System Implementation.
Prescribed Text Book
Operating Systems - A Design Oriented Approach, (1999 reprint) Crowley, C; Tata McGraw Hill.
Suggested Books
Text Book : “Operating System Concepts", 5th Edition (1999 reprint) Silberchatz and Galvin; Addison Wesley
(or)
Text Book : Operating Systems, Gary Nutt; Addison Wesley (Low Priced Ed)
Andhra University Degree Program,BCA III Year : 302 - Internet, HTML and Java Programming
Instruction : 4 Lecture hours & 1 Tutorial Hours/Week Sessional Marks : 25
University Exam Marks : 75
University Exam : 3 Hours
Internet :
Introduction; Internet Technologies; Internet Browsers
HTML :
Introduction; Head and Body Sections; Designing the Body Section; Ordered and Unordered Lists; Table Handling; Frames and Forms.
JAVA :
1. Basis of Java; Evolution of JAVA; Overview; Constants, Data types, Variables and Control Structures; Arrays, Strings and vectors
2. OOPS: Classes and Objects and Methods; Data Abstraction; Inheritence and Interfaces; Polymorphism.
3. File I/O Streams
4. Exception, Handling & Multi Threading.
5. AWT, Applets and Graphics with Applets.
Prescribed :
Text Book : “World Wide Web Design with HTML”
Author : C Xavier
Publishers : TMH
Text Book : “Programming of the Internet and the World Wide Web” by Raymond Greenlaw and Ellen Hepp McGraw Hill
Reference : Text Book : “Fundamentals of the Internet and the World Wide Web” Raymond Greenlaw and Ellen Hepp McGraw Hill
Andhra University Degree Program,BCA III Year Syllabus : 301 RDBMS
Instruction: 4 Lecture hours & Tutorial Hours/Week
Sessional Marks : 25
University Exam Marks : 75
University Exam : 3 Hours
1. Systems Design, Database design, Data Normalization.
2. Queries, Data Queries, Advanced Queries and Subqueries.
3. Applications, Forms and Reports, Calculations and Data Manipulation.
4. Application Development.
5. Database Administration, Physical Design.
6. Distribution and Integration of Data.
7. Distributed databases and the Internet.
8. Object Oriented Databases and Integrated Applications.
Text Book : Database Management Systems, Designing and Building Business Applications. Getald V Post. McGraw Hill.
Suggested book : Text Book : Fundamental of Database Systems, IIIrd Edition. Elmasri and Nacanth. Addison Wesley (Low Priced Ed).
(or)
Text Book : An Introduction to Database Systems. C.J. Date. Addison Wesley. (Low priced ad)
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,307 Paper 43 :Company Law And Secretarial Practice II
Objectives :
To ensure that the students have grasped various concepts and functions of Company Secretaries.
UNIT I: Company Secretary: Definition of Secretary, Importance, The Companies (Appointment and qualifications of Secretary) Rules, 1988; Appointment and Dismissal Powers, Duties and liablities Statutory and contractual role of company secretary. Secretary as Coordinator and as Chief Administrative Officer.
UNIT II: Company Secretary in Practice: Certification by Company Secretary; Professional duties and code of conduct Provisions of the Company Secretaries Act.
UNIT III: Company Top Management: Definition, types of Directors their qualifications and disqualifications, number of directors, manner of appointment and reappointment; vacation of office retirement resignation, removal; Powers, duties and Liabilities of Directors; Loans to Directors etc., managerial remuneration compensation for loss of office. Interested Director Position of a Director or his relative etc., to an office or place of profit in the company
UNIT IV: Register of Directors: Particulars to be entered, register of contracts in which directors are interested; their maintenance and inspection Secretarial work relating to Board Meeting: Preparatory work relating to Board meetings; Preparation of agenda, drafting of minutes and its maintenance, Post meeting work drafting of directors report and preparatory notes for Chairman’s speech Specimens thereof, recent trends in Board and Chairman’s Report.
UNIT V: Compromise, Arrangement, Reconstruction and Amalgamation: Statutory provisions, relating to ‘Reconstruction’ and ‘Amalgamation’; Dissenting shareholders, amalgamation in National Interest; Preservation of Books and Papers of Amalgamated Companies. Investor and Creditor Protection.
Suggested Readings :
1. Chakraborty, S.K Board of Directors in India Their statistics and Dynamics: All Indian Management Association, New Delhi.,
2. ICSE Publications:
(i)Guide to Company Secretary in Practice
(ii) Guidance Note on Secretarial Audit
(iii) Guidance Note on Signing of Annual return
(iv) Guidance Note on Certificates of Managerial appointment and remuneration under schedule XIII to the Companies Act.. 1956.
(v) Guidance Note on complication of search status reports an certificates of Financial Institutions.
(vi) Guidance Note on pre certification of Document required to be filled with the registrar of Companies.
(vii) Secretarial Standard on toning up of the efficiency of secretarial share department of Companies in regard to transfer and transmission.
(viii) Guidance note on code of conduct for company secretaries.:
3. Sen Gupta, B.K Company Meetings, Law and Procedure; Eastern Law House, Calcutta.
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,306 Paper 42 : Company Law and Practice I
Objective
Providing basic knowledge of company laws and their applications to practical situations.
UNIT I: Formation of a company and matters related thereto Drafting and conveyancing, Drafting of promoters contracts, Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association Power of Attorney to present documents for registration.
UNIT II: Borrowing Powers, raising of funds for meeting short, medium and long term requirements including public deposits and assistance from commercial banks and financial institutions, Loan documentation, management of public issue Drafting of prospectus, underwriting. Brokerage agreements, Allotment letters, Share Certificates, Debentures, Bonds, Debenture Trust Deed, Various regulations and guidelines made by securities and exchange board of India for issue of capital.
UNIT III: Registration, modification and satisfaction or charges including drafting of mortgage deeds Membership, transfer and transmission of shares Secretarial standard prescribed by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India for toning up the efficiency of Secretarial Share Departments of Companies in regard to transfer and transmission of securities Assignment of shares.
UNIT IV: General meetings and board meetings Giving of guarantees/ securities. Making of loans to other Bodies Corporate Inter Corporate investments. sole selling agents.
UNIT V: Maintenance of books and registers and filing of returns Divisible profits, declaration of dividends Provisions of Companies Act relating to Winding Up.
Reference Books
1. Shah, S.M.: Lectures on Company Law Bombay, M.M. Tripathi;
2. Pandiya : Mercantile Law;
3. Chawala & Garg : Commercial Law, Ludhiana, Kalyani Prakashan.
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,307 - Paper 41 : Rural Marketing II
Objective:
The objective of the course is to provide conceptual understanding on the Rural Marketing with special reference to Indian context and develop skills required tor planning of Rural Products.
UNIT I: Rural Marketing : Characteristics and Dimensions of Rural Markets - Rural Market Profile - Rural Market in India - Size and Scope - Environment and Emerging Profile of Rural Markets in India - Constraints in Rural Marketing and strategy to overcome the constraints.
UNIT II: Rural Market Behavior ~ Rural consumer dimensions - Rural Demand Dimension - Tapping the Rural Markets - Rural Market Segmentation - Basis and Strategies - Consumer Behavior in Rural Markets - Approach to Rural Markets of India - Marketing Research.
UNIT III: Marketing Mix for Rural Marketing - Product Planning for Rural Products - Pricing Methods and Strategies for Products of Rural Markets Product Management in Rural Markets
UNIT IV: Channels of Distribution : Distribution pattern and methods in rural markets - Special characteristics of rural channels - Channel management in rural markets - Managing physical distribution in rural markets - Storage, warehousing and transportation.
UNIT V: Marketing Communication in Rural Markets : Promotion as a component in marketing communication -Advertising and sales promotion for rural markets - Major challenges in Media planning - Sales force management in rural markets - Selecting the Media Mix - Evaluation of promotional activities.
Suggested Readings :
1. Marketing Management, Planning, Implementation and Control - Rama Swamy and Nama Kumari, McMillan;
2. Marketing Management by C.N. Sontakki, Kalyani Publishers.
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,306 - Paper 40 : Principles of. Marketing I
Objective:
To impart knowledge on various aspects of Marketing.
UNIT I: Introduction - Evolution of Marketing - concepts - Definition Nature and scope - Marketing structure In a Developing Economy -Role of Marketing - Functions - Marketing orientation - Distinction between selling and marketing - Social responsibilities of marketing - Elements of 4Ps and their subelements approaches to the study of marketing systems - Marketing mix : Traditional marketing Vs. Modern marketing.
UNIT II: The major macro environment factors and marketing - Marketing scenario in India market segmentation -Meaning of product differentiation - Basis for market segmentation. Benefits of segmentation, requirements for market segmentation.
UNIT III: Consumer behavior: Models of consumer behavior, Buying motives for consumer products, buying motives for industrial products.
UNIT IV: Product concept, new product development, product life cycle and strategic to be used during different stages of PLC.
UNIT V: Product Pricing . Factors influencing pricing decisions, pricing strategies; Distribution channels; Factors influencing channel of decisions. Types of distribution channels - Role of middle men - Promotion - Mix and promotion strategy.
Suggested Readings
Principles of Marketing - Philip Kotler;
Principles of Marketing Management - Ramaswarny and Name Kumar;
Marketing Management - Gandhi, J.C.,Fundamentals of Marketing - Stanton, J.;
Marketing Management in Indian Perspective - Jha, S.M. and L.P Singh;
Reading in Marketing Management Ramaswamy and Name Kumar;
Modern Marketing Management in Indian Context Marketing in India - Neela Meghan.
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,307 - Paper 39 : General Insurance
Objective:
To provide necessary knowledge to the students community about the General Insurance Policies and Practices in India.
UNIT I: Fire Insurance Contract - Origin of fire insurance; As nature; risks, hazards and indemnity; legal basis, stipulations and conditions, contracts; Full disclosure of material facts: inspection and termination of coverage.
UNIT II: Fire insurance policies - Issue and removal of policies, different kinds; Risks covered; Recovery of claims -Insurer’s option exgratia payment and subrogation. Policy conditions. Hazards not covered, contributions and average reinsurance, double insurance and excess insurance. Types of fire protection policies issued by the General Insurance Corporation of India.
UNIT III: Marine Insurance Contract - Origin and growth, Evaluation of marine insurance business in India basic elements - Insurable interest utmost good faith - implied warranties. Policy document - types of marine insurance contract - Freight cargo, and vessel - Procedure for obtaining marine protection policy; marine policies and conditions. Nature of Coastal marine insurance, Prills covered - Protection available, procedure for preparation and presentation of claim,.payment of compensation by insurer.
UNIT IV: Marine losses - Total loss, partial loss, particular average loss and general average loss, preparation of loss statement payment of marine losses - Requirement of the insured, documents needed procedure for presentation of claim. Valuation of loss salvage-, Limits of liability: attachment and termination of risk.
UNIT V: General insurance corporation and other insurance institutions Working of GIC in India, Types of risks assumed and specific policies issued by FCSC - Public policy towards General Insurance in India.
Recommended Books:
1. Redeer: Marine Insurance
2. W.D. Winter: Marine Insurance
3. Godwen: Fire Insurance
4. A.E. Balau: Foot prints of assurance
5. H. Gabel: The fire insurance contract Indian policy
6. Kenny Rogen: Fundamentals of fire and consultancy insurance strength mass
7. B. Read Prentic : Less adjusting
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,306 - Paper 38 : Life Insurance I
Objective
The objectives of the paper are to introduce the fundamentals as well as give a practical orientation to life insurance. Life Insurance contract policy construction mechanism and servicing life insurance risk average by various types of policies and life insurance salesmanship.
UNIT I: Risk insurance - Nature and uses of Life Insurance, life insurance as a collateral as a measures of financing business continuation as protection of property as a measures of investment.
UNIT II: Life insurance contract: Distinguishing characteristics, utmost good faith insurable interests. Caveat emptor, unilateral and allegory nature of contract, proposal and application form warranties, medical examination policy construction and delivery, policy provision lapse. Revival surrender value, paid up policies maturity claims, nomination and assignment. Suicide and death claims and payment of insured amount loan to policy holders.
UNIT III: Life Insurance Risk: Factors governing sum assured: Methods of calculating economic risk in the life insurance proposal measurement of risk and mortality table. Calculation of Premium treatment of substandard risk. Life insurance funds valuation and investment of surplus payment of bonus.
UNIT IV: Life insurance policy types and their applicability to different situations with special reference to salary saving scheme. Major insurance policies issued by the corporation life insurance annuities.
UNIT V: Life insurance seamanship: Rules of Agency: Essential qualities of an ideal insurance salesman; Rules to canvass business from prospective customers; after sale service to policy holders; calculation of agents commission -Tax benefits.
Recommended Books
1. S.S. Huebner and Kenneth Block Jr. Life Insurance
2. Rusel and Black: Human behavior and life insurance
3. C. Cinematic - Why life insurance
4. S.S. Heuabner: Economics of Life insurance
5. L. Mehar Robert: Life Insurance: Theory and Practice
6. O.S. Gupta: Life Insurance.
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,307 - Paper 37: Small Enterprises Management II
Objective:
The objective of this course is to enable the students to understand various aspects in the management of small scale industrial units.
UNIT I: Small Industry: Meaning and importance - Definition of small industrial unit -role of small scale industry in India, Economy - Small industry under five years plans - Products reserved for small scale industrial units.
UNIT II: Steps for Starting Small Industry: Decisions to become entrepreneur - Steps to be taken - Search for a business idea, source of ideas, idea processing, selection idea, input requirements - Preparation of project report feasibility study - Location - Selection of type of organisation - Size of the unit Preparation of project port guidelines -Factory design and layout - Legal formalities for registration and licensing.
UNIT III: Incentives and subsidies: Policy initiatives for entrepreneurial growth - Meaning of incentives and subsides -Need for incentives/ under the licensing problems - Schemes of incentives in operation - Incentives under the licensing regulations - Incentives for development of backward areas - Subsidies consultancy service, marketing studies - and indigenous technology; Machinery on hire purchase or on lease -Transport subsidies - Seed capital assistance, Taxation benefits to small scale units - Subsidies and incentives in Andhra Pradesh -New pastures for industrial development - Exploring export possibilities - Institutional set up for export assistance -Export incentives.
UNIT IV: Finance and Production Planning: Financial requirements - Structure and management of fixed and working capital - Sources of capital - Financial institutions problems in financing a small scale unit: Production Planning: Size of plant - Production mix - Costs of production - Production facilities and their optimum utilization procurement of raw material - Problems involved Role of Government in supplying machinery and raw materials.
UNIT V: Marketing and Manpower planning Etc.: Methods for pricing, Distribution - competition - Sales Management Role of Government - Export Assistance: Manpower Planning: Source of manpower - Requirement and turnover absenteeism - Compensation and welfare measures - Grievances disputes - settlement machinery; Sickings in Small Industry: Diagnosis and measurements, causes and consequences - Remedial measures.
Suggested References :
1. Entrepreneurial Development: C.B. Gupta and N.P. Srinivasan;
2. Management of small scale industry, Himalaya Pub. House, Sultanchand;
3. How to succeed in small scale industry, Vikas Pub. House, New Delhi;
4. Scientific Management of small scale industry: N. Singh, Lay and public house, Mumbai; and subsidies - Need for incentives,
5. Management of small scale industries: R.K. Khan, Sultanchand
6. Legal requirements for an industrial unit at work: Sudarshan Lal, Navarang, New Delhi.
7. Management Development institute, small scale industries An assessment of institutional assistance - Case studies of select states in India.
8. Sickness in small scale industries: Reddy & Reddy, Himalaya.
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,306 - Paper 36 : Entrepreneurship Development I
Objectives
To provide an introduction to entrepreneurship and its development process. environment and current scenario in India. It also enables the student to learn about project formulation, appraisal. financial and implementations. Further it attempts to provide conceptual clarification to small scale industry and the stages involved in the establishment of small business.
UNIT I: Entrepreneur- Concept on percent - Functions and clarifications of entrepreneurs - Characteristics of entrepreneur - Nature and importance of ,entrepreneur - Entrepreneur vs. professional manager - Women entrepreneurs.
UNIT II: Concept of Entrepreneurship - Enterpreneurship and environment-Policies governing entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial development programmes - Institutions for - entrepreneurship development, entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship -Entrepreneurship development in other countries.
UNIT III: Institutions for Entrepreneurial Development - Role of constancy organisations - Role of financial institutions -Bank finance to entrepreneurs Entrepreneurship development: Role of development financial institutions.
UNIT IV: Concept of project and classification of project identification project formulation - project report - project design - project appraisal - profitability appraisal - project planning - social cost benefit analysis - financial analysis and project financing.
UNIT V: Financial analysis - Ratio analysis - Investment process; Break even analysis - Profitability analysis social cost - Benefit analysis - Budget and planning process, applicability of the factories Act.
Suggested References :
1. Vasanta Desai: Dynamics of entrepreneurial development and management;
2. Vasanta Desai: Entrepreneurial development;
3. Peter F. Drucker: Innovation and development;
4. M.V. Deshpande: Entrepreneurship of small scale industries;
5. Balakrishnan, G. Financing of small scale industries.
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,307 - Paper 35 : Transport Systems in India
Objective: To provide an understanding of transport policy in India and the development of different transport system.
UNIT I: Transport Policy & Training : Transport development and Sectorial concept - Rural transport - Urban transport -Transport planning, during preplan period - During five year plans - Transport policy in India - for transport coordination -Transport safety - Transport development and systems concept Rail-Road-Air and Water Transport systems,
UNIT II: Rail Transport - Organisation structure of railways - Fare policy and structure of passenger and goods transport - Nature of rail transport casts - Problem of coordination among zonal railways, burden of social costs - Conf. privatisation.
UNIT III: Road Transport - Organisation structure of road, passenger goods transport industry - Public sector vs. private sector, pricing in road, Transport industry (passengers and goods). History and growth of automobile industry in India - Nationalisation vs. privatisation.
UNIT IV: Air Transport - Organisation and structure of civil aviation industry - Free policy and structure of domestic and international air transport Domestic air transport system - Growth - Problems and prospects.
UNIT V: Water Transport - Structure of Indian water transport - Passenger and goods - Structure of sea transport -Coastal shipping - Policy measures - Off shore shipping - Pricing policy - Protection and development - Multimedia transport - Problems and prospects of water transport.
Reference Books
1. D. Panduranga Rao - Trends in Indian Transport Systems;
2. J.K. Jain Transport Economics;
3. K.P. Bhatnagar and Others: Modern Transport in India;
4. S.K. Srivastava - Economics of Transport.
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,306 - Paper 34 : Elements of Transportation I
Objective
To provide the students with an understanding and the basics in transport and its various elements.
UNIT I: Fundamentals of Transport : Transport- Meaning - Scope - Role or Transport in scope - Economic Transportation - Elements of transport -The way - The vehicle - The motive power - The terminal services -Development in the elements with reference to India.
UNIT II: The way - Inland ways : Roads - Classification - Dimension Growth under Nagpur, Mumbai and Lucknow plans - privitisation railways Tracks - Rolling Stock - Electrification - Elevated rail tube rail - Inland waters ways -Types of water ways -Length utility - Impact on economic activity - Airways - Air routes airports - National -International -Ground facilities -privatisation - Joint sector - Ocean ways - International water transport routes -Significance of coastal sea transport - Rope ways - The concept and its utility.
UNIT III: The vehicle - Means of transport - Non-mechanised means Mechanised means - Railways - Passenger trains - Goods trains - Road vehicles - Passenger vehicles - Goods vehicles - Passenger transportation Nationalisation - Growth - Coastal ships - Ocean going ships -Mechanised boats in Inland - Waterways : Ferry services - Aeroplanes -Rope ways - Different types - Innovations in vehicle types.
UNIT IV: The motive power - Energy sources - Human generated Animal generated - Fuel generated - Petroleum products - Electro power -Wind energy - Non-conventional energy sources - Solar energy -R & D improvements in motive power.
UNIT V: The terminal services at origin and destinations : Passenger amenities at bus shelters - Railway stations -Good’s yards -Parcel office ports - Goods loading and unloading - Berths - Air ports - Categories - National International - Facilities at Rope ways embarking and disembarking places Latest developments in terminal services.
Reference Books :
1. R.J. Eation : Elements of transport
2. J.K. Jain : Transport economics
3. K.P. Bhatnagar & Others : Modern transport in India
4. D. Panduranga Rao: Trends in India Transport System
Andhra University B.Com IIIrd Year Syllabus,307 - Paper 33 : Foreign Exchange II
Objective:
To acquaint the student with the various concepts of foreign exchange rate determination, exchange rate markets, trading, control, etc.
UNIT I: Elements for Foreign Exchange : Meaning - Importance, evolution of exchange rates system - International monetary systems - Gold standard - Fixed exchange rates - Flexible exchange rates - Managed float system -Fluctuations in foreign exchange rate - its causes and effects - Need for stability in foreign exchange rate.
UNIT II: Foreign Exchange Market : Cash and spot exchange markets Eurocurrency Markets, The Role of Commercial Banks, Mechanics of Making foreign payment,.SWIFT, Costs Associated with International payments.
UNIT III: Determination of Exchange Rates : Factors affecting exchange rates - International trade -Theories of determination of foreign exchange rates - The law of one price, purchasing power parity, Interest parity. Balance of payment theory - Forecasting Forex rates, the forward rate as a short - term forecast, technical forecasts, economic models, forecasting of fixed exchange rates from convertible currencies.
UNIT IV: Forex Trading: Fore trading infrastructure and networks, control’s on order placing, direct and indirect quotas, cross rates, speculation, exchange arithmetics psychology of the forex trader, computerized trading programme, information analysis of trading.
UNIT V: Indian Forex Market : Foreign exchange administration in India Setting up and operating a forex dealership -Convertibility of Rupees on current account. Convertibility of rupee on capital account, Pros and Cons, Foreign Exchange control objectives. Methods - Exchange control in India - Role of FEDAI - FERA 1973 to FEMA 1997 Bill - The Hawala market - Foreign exchange problems in India - Steps for settlement role of reserve Bank of India.
Preference Readings :
1. A.V. Rajawade : Foreign exchange, International.
2, C. Jeevanandam Foreign exchange,
3. A.K. Chatterjee : Principles of foreign exchange,
4. C. Jeevanadam : Foreign exchange arithmetics.